LANDMARKS IN THE CONTEMPORARY CITY ENVIRONMENT: ARCHITECTURAL AND DESIGNER’S INTERPRETATION AND PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING
DOI: 10.23951/2312-7899-2018-3-114-127
The article focuses on questions of orientation in the contemporary city environment. The current paper analyses scientific approaches of landmarks design, dominant forms and emphasis. The article describes the influence of ideological concepts on the creation process of focus places in the city environment. Landmarks are interpreted as considerable components of the urban communicative structure. Contemporary variations of the urban space perception are noted. Basic scientific models of the perception process are analyzed. A city considers as the text in this article. The landmark is correlated with afterimage of the environment which remains in our memory. The author points out that architectural objects are losing the role of unconditioned city landmarks. There were given examples of unarchitectural landmarks in the city environment. Terms “the dendrologycal landmark” and “the superlandmark” are introduced. The modern interpretation of a landmark as a commercial order is revealed. The article describes the possibility of the emergence of coloured landmarks in a city. The necessity of the reciprocal action and the reciprocal influence of color and plastic in the landmark generating is emphasized in the article. Special attention is paid to the role of landmarks in the process of the city scale formation. Design of night landmarks as the alternative to daily landmarks with the help of the art lighting is discussed. The distinction between the speciality of passenger perception and pedestrian perception is emphasized in the article. The article describes peculiarities of the formation and perception of transport hubs in a city. The paper also deals with orientation problems of handicapped people in the city. The analysis allowed us to identify the main factors which influence the landmark generating in the contemporary city.
Keywords: specialities of perception, landmark, architectural environment, architectural composition, dominant form, emphasis
References:
Antonov 1968 – Antonov V. L. The interconnection of residential and industrial territories in largest cities (centres of machine-building). Thesis abstract. Moscow, 1968. In Russian.
Astahova 2018 – Astahova T. I. Generating’s principles of the architectural macromodular structures. Science, education and experimental designing in Moscow Architectural Institute. Vol. 1. Moscow, 2018. P. 147–148. In Russian.
Avanesov 2014 – Avanesov S. S. Visuality and communication. ΠΡΑΞΗΜΑ. Journal of visual semiotics. 2014. 2. P. 11–25. In Russian.
Avanesov 2018 – Avanesov S. S. Sacred topics of Russian cities (5). The Cathedral and the Gate. ΠΡΑΞΗΜΑ. Journal of visual semiotics. 2018. 1 (14). P. 70–92. In Russian.
Barthes 1989 – Barthes R. Selected Works: Semiotics. Poetics. Transl. into Russian. Moscow, 1989.
Beliayeva 1973 – Beliayeva E. L. Motion and time in the perception of the city environment. The city and the time. Moscow, 1973. P. 136–159. In Russian.
Chervyakov 2018 – Chervyakov M. M. Orientation of a man in the urban space and inthe complicated multilevel buildings (perception canals). Science, education and experimental designing in Moscow Architectural Institute. Vol. 1. Moscow, 2018. P. 230. In Russian.
Efimov 1990 – Efimov A. V. City colouristics. Moscow, 1990. In Russian.
Ikonnikov 1990 – Ikonnikov A. V. Aesthetics values of object and space environment. Moscow, 1990. In Russian.
Krogius 1988 – Town planning on the hillsides. Ed. by V. R. Krogius Moscow, 1988. In Russian.
Lavrov 1974 – Lavrov V. A. The city environment, its condition, transformation and perception requirements. Consrtucting and architecture of Belorussia, Minsk, 1988. 1. P. 23–27. In Russian.
Luchkova 1988 – Luchkova V. I. Methods of taking into consideration of historical and cultural potential in the town planning of Far East. Khabarovsk, 1988. In Russian.
Lynch 1982 – Lynch K. The Image of the City. Transl. into Russian by V. L. Glazychev. Moscow, 1982.
Maslyakova 1990 – Maslyakova V. N. Development of the system of urban green areas in the forest massifs. Scientific Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning. Vol. 1. Moscow, 1990. In Russian.
Maul' 2018 – Maul' A. A. Transformation of facades. Science, education and experimental designing in Moscow Architectural Institute. Vol. 1. Moscow, 2018. P. 186–187. In Russian.
Melik-Gaikazyan 2009 – Melik-Gaikazyan I. V. Events organizing the communicative space. The construction of a man. Tomsk, 2009. P. 13–20. In Russian.
Melik-Gaikazyan 2013 – Melik-Gaikazyan I. V. Memory turn: temporality of intellectual traditions revealed by bioethics. Ideas and ideals. 2013. Vol. 1. 1 (15). P. 49–63. In Russian.
Milonova 2018 – Milonova M. V. Transformation of direct images in the contemporary architecture. Science, education and experimental designing in Moscow Architectural Institute. Vol. 1. Moscow, 2018. P. 248–249. In Russian.
Puchkov 1999 – Puchkov M. V. Semiotic interconnections of architecture and language. Semiotics of space. Ekaterinburg, 1999. P. 115–154. In Russian.
Purvinas 1989 – Purvinas M. E. Theoretic and methodical questions of the architectural and landscape analysis. Moscow, 1989. In Russian.
Robezhnik 2017 – Robezhnik L. V. Gateway churches of Veliky Novgorod monasteries in 12–15th centuries. ΠΡΑΞΗΜΑ. Journal of visual semiotics. 2017. 1 (11). P. 27–40. In Russian.
Shchepetkov 2006 – Shchepetkov N. I. The light design of the city. Moscow, 2006. In Russian.
Shimko 2006 – Shimko V. T. Architectural and design projection of the city environment. Moscow, 2006. In Russian.
Vergunov, Gorokhov 1996 – Vergunov A. P., Gorokhov V. A. Vertograd. The art of garden and park design in Russia (from the origine to the beginning of 20th century). Moscow, 1996. In Russian.
Viktorov 1986 – Viktorov A. S. Landscape drawing. Moscow, 1986. In Russian.
( 331.41 kB ) 
( 323.09 kB )
Issue: 3, 2018
Series of issue: Issue 3
Rubric: ARTICLES
Pages: 114 — 127
Downloads: 1189