“SAGE SKILL”: IN WHAT SENSE CAN ONE SPEAK OF “BODILY KNOWLEDGE”?
DOI: 10.23951/2312-7899-2020-2-225-250
The article discusses a number of connected concepts including “practical skill”, “movement skill”, “metis”, “techniques of the body”, and “kinesthetic intelligence”. They share in common the representation of knowledge as often a non-verbal process, by half and large unconscious, based on muscular sensations as much as on brain and consciousness. The feature that they have in common can be termed “bodily knowledge”, an epistemological alternative to techne, or codified practical knowledge formalized in rules and instructions. Muscular feeling, or kinesthesia is at the foundation of bodily knowledge. I.M. Sechenov called it “dark”, or “opaque”, feeling on the grounds that this kind of sensations are rarely verbalized and reflected upon. Yet, inner sensation of the kind cannot be completely opposed to thinking. Using the poet and writer, Varlam Shalamov’s words, one may call them “sage skill”, a particular kind of knowing. Below there is a discussion of various meaning of the expression, “bodily knowledge”.
Keywords: skill, movement skill, metis, techne, techniques of the body, kinesthetic intelligence
References:
Adon'yeva S. B., Veselova I. S., Marinicheva Yu. Yu. & Petrova L. F. (2017) Primary signs / Signified reality. Saint-Petersburg: Proppovskiy tsentr. (In Russian).
Bernstein, N. (1991) On dexterity and its development. Moscow: Fizkul’tura i sport. (In Russian).
Bernstein, N. (2003) Contemporary search in the physiology of nervous process. Moscow: Smysl. (In Russian).
Bloor, D. (1976) Knowledge and Social Imagery. London: Routledge.
Butler, J. (1990) Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.
Cannon, W.B. (1932) The Wisdom of the Body. New York: W.W. Norton.
Corbin, A., Courtine, J. J. & Vigarello, G. (eds.) (2005) Histoire du corps. Transl. into Russian.Vol. 3. Paris: Ed. du Seuil.
Cracauer, S. (2019) Ornament of the masses. Weimar essays. Transl. into Russian. Moscow: Ad Marginem.
Detienne, M. & Vernant, J.-P. (1978) Cunning Intelligence in Greek Culture and Society. Trans. J. Lloyd. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press.
Foucault, M. (1994) Les mots et les choses: une archéologie des sciences humaines. Transl. into Russian. Paris: Gallimard, 1966.
Gallagher, S. (2009) Philosophical antecedents to situated cognition. In P. Robbins and M. Aydede (eds.) The Cambridge Handbook of Situated Cognition. Cambridge University Press. Pp. 35-51.
Gardner, H. (1983) Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. London: Heinemann.
Gastev, A.K. (1922). How one should work. Arkhangel’sk. (In Russian).
Gastev, A.K. (1924). New cultural attitude [Online] Available from: http://ruslit.traumlibrary.net/book/gastev-kak-nado-rabotat/gastev-kak-nado-rabotat.html#return_n_6 (Accessed: 22.01.2020). (In Russian).
Gurskaia, I. (2019) Dance Story. Topos: A Literary Magazine. [Online] Available from: https://www.topos.ru/article/proza/tancrasskaz-po-motivam-postanovki-avtobiografiya-ueyna-makgregora (Accessed: 22.01.2020). (In Russian).
Hacking, I. (1992) The Self-Vindication of the Laboratory Sciences. In A. Pickering (ed.) Science as Practice and Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Pp. 29-64.
Hoyningen-Huene, P. (2006) Context of Discovery versus Context of Justification and Thomas Kuhn. In Schickore J. and F. Steinle (eds.) Revisiting Discovery and Justification: Historical and Philosophical Perspectives on the Context Distinction. Springer. Pp. 119-132.
Johnson, M. (1987) The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reasoning. The University of Chicago Press.
Kasavin, I.T. (2008) Text. Discourse. Context: An introduction into the social epistemology of language. Moscow: Institut filosofii. (In Russian).
Latour, B. (1987) Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Lesgaft, P.F. (1988) Handbook on physical education of school children. In his Selected pedagogical works. Moscow: Pedagogika. Pp. 228-263. (In Russian).
Mandelstam, O. (1990). Poems, prose, memoirs, biographical materials. Мoscow: Moskovskiy rabochiy. (In Russian).
Mauss, M. (1996) Techniques of the body. In his Societies, exchange, personality. Transl. into Russian. Moscow: Nauka. Pp. 242-263.
Noland, C. (2009) Agency and Embodiment: Performing Gestures / Producing Culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Pickering, A. (1994) Objectivity and the Mangle of Practice. In Allan Megill (ed.) Rethinking Objectivity. Durham: Duke University Press. Pp. 109-125.
Platonov, A. (1977) Juvenile sea. In his The Pit. Juvenile Sea. Novellas. Moscow: Khudozh. Literature. Pp. 116–191. (In Russian).
Polanyi, M. (1958) Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy. Transl into Russian. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Scott, J.C. (2005) Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. Transl. into Russian. Yale University Press, 1998.
Shalamov, V. (1998) Selected works. Moscow: Vagrius [Online] Available from: https://shalamov.ru/library/9/7.html (Accessed: 22.01.2020). (In Russian).
Sheets-Johnstone, M. (2011) The Primacy of Movement. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Sirotkina, I. (1991) Was the Central Institute of Labor fulfillment of an utopia? Questions of the history of science and technology. No. 2. Pp. 67-72. (In Russian).
Sirotkina, I. (2016) The Sixth sense of the avant-garde; dance, kinesthesia and the arts in the lives of poets and artists. Saint-Petersburg: European University Press. (In Russian).
Sirotkina, I. (2018) The world as a living movement: an intellectual biography of Nikolay Bernstein. Moscow: Cogito Center. (In Russian).
Smith, R. (2019) The Sense of Movement: An Intellectual History. London: Process Press.
Todd, M.E. (1937) The Thinking Body: Study of the Dynamic Forces of Dynamic Man. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Wacquant, L. (2013) Homines in Extremis: What Fighting Scholars Teach about Habits, Body & Society. Vol. 20(2). Pp.3-17.
Werrett, S. (1996) «Peasants are NOT working», M.Phil, History of Science, University of Cambridge, unpublished ms.
Zaporozhets, A.V. (1948) Changes in a preschool child’s motor behavior depending on its activity. Newsletter of the Academy of Educational Sciences. Vol. 14. Pp. 125-166. (In Russian).
Zhekulin, S.A. (1935). A study on formation of the skill of swimming in a style. Psychomotorics and physical culture. Moscow: Institut fizkul’tury. Pp. 57-92. (In Russian).
Issue: 2, 2020
Series of issue: Issue 2
Rubric: ARTICLES
Pages: 225 — 250
Downloads: 1260